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The phytochemical investigation of the stems of Homalium stenophyllum afforded seven new phenolic glycosides (1-5 and 8-9) and two known compounds (6 and 7). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric data and chemical hydrolysis. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory activities against the NO production in LPS-induced macrophages were evaluated.
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Objective To understand the disease spectrum of prehospital emergency patients in Beijing, so as to provide basis for rational allocation of prehospital emergency care resources and for improvement of prehospital emergency care. Methods Emergency dispatch database from 120 dispatching command system of Beijing Emergency Medical Center to was used study the disease spectrum of 120 prehospital emergency patients from 2013 to 2017 in Beijing, and were analyzed the differences of disease spectrum among patients of different years, genders and ages, and the time distribution of different diseases. Results From 2013 to 2017 in Beijing, 1 643 375 patients used 120 prehospital emergency care. The top 3 diseases of the disease spectrum were: injury and poisoning (29.63%), diseases of the circulatory system (18.37%), and diseases of the nervous system (15.80%). The sorting of diseases remained unchanged during the 5 years. The disease spectrums were different among different age groups and gender groups. The calls in spring, summer, autumn and winter accounted for 25.23%, 24.97%, 25.05% and 24.75% respectively. Most calls were made from 08 ∶〗00 to 09 ∶〗59 (12.41%), 12 ∶〗00 to 13 ∶〗59 (10.05%), and 14 ∶〗00 to 15 ∶〗59 (9.91%) during a day. The peak months and hours of different diseases were different. Conclusions The demand for prehospital emergency care has been increasing in Beijing in recent years. It is important to strengthen the prevention of injuries among all ages, especially male, and to improve the prevention and response capacity for acute attack of chronic diseases among older people. Prehospital emergency care resources should be rationally allocated according to the peak months and hours of calls.
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This present study was to investigate the metabolism and excretion of characteristic polyphenols such as flavonoids and coumarins in urine and feces of rats after intragastric administration of ethanol extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. The urine and feces of rats were collected after intragastric administration of 70% ethanol extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-QqQ-MSn) was applied to compare the contents of polyphenols in ethanol extract, urine and feces. By comparing with reference substance, 30 polyphenols were identified from the ethanol extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, including flavone glycosides, flavones, flavonone glycosides, flavonones, flavonol glycosides, polymethoxyflavones, coumarins, and limonoids and so on. The detection of various types of compounds showed differences in contents between the intestinal metabolism and excretion in the feces after systemic circulatory metabolism and renal excretion. The results showed that the polymethoxyflavones and flavonones were primarily excreted through urine, and the flavonone glycosides and limonoids were primarily excreted through feces. However, coumarins were hardly detected in feces and urine, indicating that coumarins may be metabolized in the body.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Citrus , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Feces , Flavonoids , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
This study is to establish an HPLC fingerprint by HPLC-DAD method and simultaneous quantitative analysis of 17 components of 18 batches of Citrus aurantium and 10 batches of C. sinensis. The separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm) column with the gradient elution of methanol-0.1% formic acid water, the flow was 0.6 mL•min⁻¹. The detection wavelength was set at 318 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The data calculation was performed with similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (Version 2004A) together with SIMCA-P 13.0 software to clarify the differential marker between these two different species of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. This method has good precision stability and repeatability that could provide basis for quality control and evaluation of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus.
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In this paper, an HPLC-QqQ-MS method for determination of 5 different ginsenosides of Panax japonica collected from different cultivated geographic regions was established. The separation was performed on a Zorbax XDB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) column with the gradient elution of acetonitrile (contained 0.1% formic acid)-0.1% formic acid water. The flow rate was 0.5 mL•min⁻¹. The colunm temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The analytes were detected using electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Reaction selected ions were 203.2 for ginsenoside Re, 202.9 for ginsenoside Rg₁, 365.0 for ginsenoside Rf, 789.1 for ginsenoside Rd, 360.9 for ginsenoside Ro. Ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rg₁, ginsenosides Rf, ginsenosides Rd, ginsenosides Ro had good linearity in the ranges of 3.33-66.60 μg (r=0.999 1),2.83-56.54 μg (r=0.999 2), 0.32-6.51 μg (r=0.999 2), 12.55-251.00 μg (r=0.999 3), 0.85-16.90 μg (r=0.999 5), respectively. The results of recovery were among 100.8% to 104.6%, and the values of RSD were blow 3.0%. This method is simple, reliable and accurate, and can provide basis for P. japonica basic research.